Diamond export

 ### **Diamond Export: Overview, Top Exporters, and Trade Insights**  


Diamonds are one of the world’s most valuable gemstones, with global trade heavily concentrated in a few key countries. The diamond export industry is dominated by **rough (uncut) diamonds**, which are later polished and sold as jewelry. Here’s a detailed breakdown:


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## **1. Top Diamond Exporting Countries (2024 Estimates)**  

| **Rank** | **Country** | **Key Export Hubs** | **Notable Features** |

|----------|------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------|

| 1 | **Russia** | Alrosa (largest producer) | 30% of global rough diamonds |

| 2 | **Botswana** | Debswana (JV with De Beers) | High-quality gems, major De Beers hub |

| 3 | **Canada** | Diavik, Ekati Mines | Ethical "conflict-free" diamonds |

| 4 | **Angola** | Catoca Mine | Fast-growing exporter |

| 5 | **South Africa** | De Beers, Petra Diamonds | Historic diamond hub (Kimberley) |

| 6 | **Namibia** | Offshore diamond mining | High-value marine diamonds |

| 7 | **Belgium** | Antwerp (global trade hub) | 80% of rough diamonds pass through here |

| 8 | **India** | Surat (cutting & polishing) | Processes 90% of world’s diamonds |

| 9 | **UAE** | Dubai Diamond Exchange | Tax-free trading hub |

| 10 | **Australia** | Argyle Mine (now closed) | Formerly top pink diamond source |


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## **2. Major Diamond Trade Hubs**  

### **A. Rough Diamond Trade Centers**  

- **Antwerp (Belgium)** – World’s largest diamond trading hub (~$50B/year).  

- **Dubai (UAE)** – Fast-growing, tax-free market.  

- **Mumbai & Surat (India)** – Cutting & polishing capital.  

- **Tel Aviv (Israel)** – High-end diamond manufacturing.  


### **B. Key Diamond Exchanges & Auctions**  

- **Rapaport Trade Network** (Pricing benchmark)  

- **De Beers’ Global Sightholder Sales** (Botswana, London)  

- **Alrosa’s Auctions** (Russia)  


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## **3. How Are Diamonds Exported?**  

1. **Mining** → Extracted in Russia, Botswana, Canada, etc.  

2. **Sorting & Valuation** → Graded in Antwerp, Dubai, or Mumbai.  

3. **Export as Rough Diamonds** → Sold to cutting centers (India, Israel, China).  

4. **Polishing & Certification** → GIA, IGI, or HRD certify polished diamonds.  

5. **Retail Sale** → Sold as jewelry (USA, China, EU biggest markets).  


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## **4. Largest Diamond Export Companies**  

- **Alrosa (Russia)** – #1 in volume.  

- **De Beers (Botswana/UK)** – Controls ~30% market via Botswana mines.  

- **Rio Tinto (Canada/Australia)** – Ethical Canadian diamonds.  

- **Dominion Diamonds (Canada)** – High-quality Arctic gems.  

- **Lucara Diamond Corp (Botswana)** – Known for large, rare diamonds.  


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## **5. Challenges in Diamond Exports**  

✔ **Sanctions on Russian Diamonds** (2024 G7 ban affecting Alrosa).  

✔ **Ethical Concerns** – "Blood diamonds" (KPCS certification required).  

✔ **Competition from Lab-Grown Diamonds** (30% cheaper).  

✔ **Dependence on India & China** for cutting and demand.  


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### **6. Future Trends (2024-2030)**  

- **Botswana & Namibia** gaining more control over De Beers’ sales.  

- **Canada & Angola** increasing production.  

- **Lab-grown diamonds** disrupting natural diamond prices.  

- **Blockchain tracking** (Tracr by De Beers) for transparency.  


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